Attorneys in Mississippi have invoked a “zombie law” to block the state’s recently passed medical marijuana legalization bill, the latest of many attacks on the initiative in the past year.

According to the Mississippi state constitution, petitioners must gather an equal number of signatures from five congressional districts.  But a lawsuit by Madison Mayor Mary Hawkins Butler against Initiative 65, a bill passed this November legalizing medical marijuana in Mississippi, argues the Mississippi initiative process is outdated due to recent district changes, which could invalidate the process by which Initiative 65 was put on the ballot.

Mississippi dropped from five congressional districts to four after the 2000 Census. Butler argues that this creates a mathematical impossibility: With four districts, more than one-fifth of the signatures must come from each.

According to Initiative 65, the state Health Department is required to establish a medical marijuana program by the middle of this year. The lawsuit raises uncertainty that this deadline will be met.

In papers filed Dec. 28, state attorneys argued that Mississippi has two sets of congressional districts – one set used for congressional elections and one set used for other purposes.

Federal judges drew four congressional districts when legislators failed to agree on a redistricting plan after the 2000 Census. Although the state has been using the federal order for congressional elections, legislators did not clean up state laws to remove descriptions of the five old districts.

Attorneys representing Secretary of State Michael Watson argued Dec. 28 that the five old districts “may be used for anything but congressional elections,” including for gathering signatures for initiatives.

Butler’s attorneys ridiculed that argument in papers filed Thursday. They said the law describing the five old congressional districts is dead. They note that the 5th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals has referred to any law that remains on the books but is unenforceable as a “zombie law.”

“The Secretary of State’s argument depends on this zombie law’s reanimation,” Butler’s attorneys wrote about the five old districts.

Butler opposed Initiative 65 earlier this year because it limits cities’ ability to regulate the location of medical marijuana businesses.

The Health Department, the Mississippi Municipal League and some others have filed briefs supporting Butler’s lawsuit. The Health Department argued that Initiative 65 seeks to transform the department “into something it is not,” even as the department is stretched because of the coronavirus pandemic.

The Associated Press contributed to this report.